• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention is based on the obtaining of dry mortars using for this purpose sands originating exclusively from residues of the extractive industry of the slate. To obtain quality mortars that do not present problems derived from the mineral composition of the slate, specific cements are used as well as powder additives and limes. The invention protects, in addition to the mortars, the method of obtaining the sands from the slate waste, as well as the manufacturing process of the different mortars depending on their uses and the use of the necessary additives to obtain them. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2587443A1
    申请号:ES201500280
    申请日:2015-04-22
    公开日:2016-10-24
    发明作者:Pablo Luis Campos De La Fuente；Jesús GADEA SÁINZ；Verónica Calderón Carpintero；José Luis DÍEZ CAMPO；Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz；Sara Gutiérrez González；Carlos Junco Petrement
    申请人:Universidad de Burgos；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:


    Procedure for obtaining dry cement and cement mortar and lime for construction, made with slate residues.
     5
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:
    The present invention relates to the manufacture of mortars by replacing sand with waste from the slate extractive industry.
    By using specific cements and organic powder additives, mortars with good properties for use in the construction sector 10 are achieved and the problems that slate residues present, derived from the shape of the aggregate aggregate particles and of the chemical interactions of these residues with certain components present in the binders.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION: 15

    The slate extractive industry generates a significant amount of waste. Most of these are deposited in landfills near the extraction areas causing serious environmental damage. It is necessary to establish recycling and reuse procedures to eliminate as much waste as possible so that natural environments severely damaged by these types of practices can be recovered.

    The success for the reuse of this type of waste depends, to a large extent, on finding cost-effective and high-consumption uses thereof. The present invention combines both qualities and results in an important advance towards the environmental improvement and sustainability of the slate extractive industry.

    Slate has previously been used as part of the aggregate in the manufacture of concrete, mainly, always showing significant durability problems 30 due to the reactivity processes that it suffers from cement alkalis. In the present invention, these problems are solved by ensuring greater and better product durability.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The mortar object of the invention consists of pozzolanic cement and crushed slate and classified as aggregate. The relationship between the amount of cement and aggregate of 5 slate varies depending on the type and characteristics of the mortar to be manufactured and the use that will be made of it. The type of cement to be used will be a CEM IV that will depend on the accessibility of the cements in the mortar manufacturing zone.

    The object of the invention is to obtain mortars by replacing the sand with residue of 10 slate, from the industry, of particle sizes between 0 and 2 mm. Dosages may include different additives, depending on their characteristics, and are kneaded with different amounts of water to ensure water / cement ratios that provide adequate consistency and workability for later commissioning.
     fifteen
    The granulometry of slate aggregates can be varied and will also depend on the use to which the mortar is intended. One possibility is to select granulometric curves that fall within the use of concrete sands, specified in EHE-08, or the use of the old Basic Building Standard NBE FL-90, for mortars used in brickwork or even , that enter both granulometric uses. twenty

    With optimized dosages, mortars are generated that, both fresh and hardened, comply with all applicable specifications and standards and reach quality standards at the height of mortars that are currently marketed. 25
    EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

    First, we proceed to establish a granulometry for aggregates from properly processed slates. The processing of the slates entails crushing 30 of the large pieces of initial rock, from which it is split, and sieving for the separation of the different grain sizes necessary to recompose the selected granulometry.

    Next, the amount of the sand, prepared previously, and the cement type CEM IV, are weighed in the amounts established in the dosage. To this material is added the solid or additives duly heavy. The whole is mixed until a homogeneous granular material is obtained. The dried mortar is thus prepared for its kneading.
    Finally, the amount of water is added such that it provides the adequate consistency of the fresh mortar, according to UNE-EN 1015-3: 2000, and the mixing of the set according to UNE-EN 1015-2: 1998 is carried out, strictly respecting the times Kneading
     10
    Among the advantages of the invention is the obtaining of mortars free of developing alkali-arid reactivities, through the use of type IV cement. This enables adequate behavior during its useful life and greater durability.

    The use of additives allows improvements in the workability and commissioning of mortars. 15 Especially the aerated additives, which significantly reduce friction between the slab-shaped particles that the boards have and that hinder mass mobility. The aerators also significantly decrease the density of the whole. For both reasons the mortars with these additives greatly improve their mobility. twenty

    Another advantage is the use of air and hydraulic limes in small percentages with respect to cement, with the purpose of adding plasticity to the resulting mortars, also improving their workability.
     25 DESCRIPTION OF AN EXAMPLE OF EMBODIMENT
    Next, several illustrative examples of mortar dosages made with slate are described, in which the main parameters to be taken into account for the characterization of a mortar are described.
    As can be seen, the characteristics of the mortars vary significantly depending on the type of mortar that is to be achieved and the components that it includes, with which it is possible to modify these characteristics deliberately.

    Example 1
    A) Manufacturing process:
    4 parts of slate aggregate are mixed by weight with 1 part of CEM IV / B (V) 32.5N cement. The mixture is introduced into the kneader and the amount of water needed 5 is added to provide a normal consistency in the mortar. In this case the amount of water required has been such that the water / cement ratio (A / C) is 0.81. It is kneaded for 90 seconds, as stipulated by UNE-EN 1015-2: 1998.
    B) Properties of fresh mortar:
    The following table includes representative values of the properties of fresh mortar.

     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     Workability  UNE-EN 1015-9: 2000 min 52
     Water retention  UNE 33-816-93% 85
     Apparent density  UNE-EN 1015-6: 1999 kg / m3 2,230
     Air content  UNE-EN 1015-7: 1999% 3.8

    C) Properties of hardened mortar:
    The properties of the hardened mortar are included below. fifteen

     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     R. flexion  UNE-EN 1015-11: 2000 MPa 4.4
     R. compression  20.1
     Coefficient of permeability  UNE-EN 1015-19: 1999 18
     Coef of absorption by capillarity  UNE-EN 1015-18 Kg / m2 min1 / 2 0.9

    D) Mortar durability tests:
    The alkali silica and alkali silicate reactivity test has been carried out by the accelerated method in mortar specimens (UNE 146508: 1999 EX), adapting it to the designed mortar. No reactivity is observed in the mortar. 5
    In the absence of specific regulations for this material, the ice cream test has been carried out, taking as reference the standard UNE 67028: 1997 EX of ceramic bricks, on prismatic specimens of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured. At the end of the test, there are no notable defects in the mortar specimens or a decrease in mechanical resistance. 10
    The salt crystallization resistance test has been carried out adapting the method described in the UNE-EN 12370: 1999 standard, of natural stone, to prismatic specimens of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured. The result of the test is a slight surface loss of material in the specimens with no loss of mechanical resistance. fifteen

    Example 2:
    A) Manufacturing process:
    6 parts of slate aggregate are mixed by weight with 1 part of CEM IV / B (V) 32.5N cement. The mixture is introduced into the kneader and the amount of water necessary 20 is added to provide a normal consistency in the mortar. In this case the amount of water required has been such that the water / cement ratio (A / C) is 1.11. It is kneaded for 90 seconds, as stipulated by UNE-EN 1015-2: 1998.
    B) Properties of fresh mortar:
    The following table includes representative values of the properties of fresh mortar.

     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     Workability  UNE-EN 1015-9: 2000 min 72
     Water retention  UNE 33-816-93% 86
     Apparent density  UNE-EN 1015-6: 1999 kg / m3 2210
     Air content  UNE-EN 1015-7: 1999% 4.0

    C) Properties of hardened mortar:
    The properties of the hardened mortar are included below.
     5
     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     R. flexion  UNE-EN 1015-11: 2000 MPa 3.1
     R. compression  9.9
     Coefficient of permeability  UNE-EN 1015-19: 1999 15
     Coef of absorption by capillarity  UNE-EN 1015-18 Kg / m2 min1 / 2 0.8

    D) Mortar durability tests:
    Alkali-silica and alkali-silicate reactivity by the accelerated method in mortar specimens (UNE 146508: 1999 EX), adapted to the designed mortar. No reactivity is observed in the mortar. 10
    Ice cream test, taking as reference the UNE 67028: 1997 EX standard, on prismatic specimens of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured: No notable defects are observed in the mortar specimens or decrease in mechanical strengths.
    Resistance to crystallization of salts (UNE-EN 12370: 1999) on prismatic specimens 15 of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured: Slight surface loss of material in the specimens not registering loss of mechanical resistance.


     twenty


    Example 3:
    A) manufacturing process:
    6 parts of slate aggregate and 1 part of CEM IV / B (V) 32.5N cement are mixed by weight. An amount of 1.25% by weight of cement of a plasticizer-aerating powder 5 is added and mixed until homogeneous. The mixture is introduced into the kneader and an adequate amount of water is added to provide a normal consistency in the mortar. In this case the amount of water required has been such that the water / cement ratio (A / C) is 1.03. It is kneaded for 90 seconds, as stipulated by UNE-EN 1015-2: 1998. 10

    B) Properties of fresh mortar:
    The following table includes representative values of the properties of the fresh mortar.
     fifteen
     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     Workability  UNE-EN 1015-9: 2000 min 208
     Water retention  UNE 33-816-93% 86
     Apparent density  UNE-EN 1015-6: 1999 kg / m3 2070
     Air content  UNE-EN 1015-7: 1999% 11.8

    The inclusion of the plasticizer-aerator decreases the apparent density by increasing the air content in the mass and the working time of this.

    C) Properties of hardened mortar: 20
    The properties of the hardened mortar are included below.



     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     R. flexion  UNE-EN 1015-11: 2000 MPa 3.2
     R. compression  9.3
     Coefficient of permeability  UNE-EN 1015-19: 1999 9
     Coef of absorption by capillarity  UNE-EN 1015-18 Kg / m2 min1 / 2 0.19

    The effect of the aerating additive causes the water absorption coefficient to decrease significantly, as does the permeability and mechanical strengths.
    D) Mortar durability tests: 5
    Alkali-silica and alkali-silicate reactivity by the accelerated method in mortar specimens (UNE 146508: 1999 EX), adapted to the designed mortar. No reactivity is observed in the mortar.
    Ice cream test, taking as reference the UNE 67028: 1997 EX standard, on prismatic specimens of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured: There are 10 notable defects in the mortar specimens and no decrease in mechanical strengths.
    Resistance to crystallization of salts (UNE-EN 12370: 1999) on prismatic specimens of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured: Slight surface loss of material in the specimens not registering loss of mechanical resistance. fifteen

    Example 4:
    A) manufacturing process:
    6 parts of slate aggregate and 1 part of CEM IV / B (V) 32.5N cement are mixed by weight. An amount of 1.25% by weight of cement of a plasticizer-aerating 20 powder and air lime, of the CL90-S type, in an amount of 15% by weight of cement is added and mixed until homogeneous. The mixture is introduced into the kneader and an adequate amount of water is added to provide a normal consistency in the mortar. In this case the amount of water required has been such that the water / cement ratio (A / C) is 1.08. It is kneaded for 90 seconds, as stipulated by UNE-EN 1015-2: 1998.

    B) Properties of fresh mortar: 5
    The following table includes representative values of the properties of the fresh mortar.

     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     Workability  UNE-EN 1015-9: 2000 min 253
     Water retention  UNE 33-816-93% 90
     Apparent density  UNE-EN 1015-6: 1999 kg / m3 2100
     Air content  UNE-EN 1015-7: 1999% 12.0

    The addition of lime increases the workability time as well as the retention of water 10 providing smoothness to the fresh mortar.

    C) Properties of hardened mortar:
    The properties of the hardened mortar are included below.
     fifteen
     PROPERTY  VALUE UNIT STANDARD
     R. flexion  UNE-EN 1015-11: 2000 MPa 2.5
     R. compression  9.4
     Coefficient of permeability  UNE-EN 1015-19: 1999 10
     Coef of absorption by capillarity  UNE-EN 1015-18 Kg / m2 min1 / 2 0.19

    The results of the hardened mortar are not significantly affected by the inclusion of lime.

    D) Mortar durability tests: 5
    Alkali-silica and alkali-silicate reactivity by the accelerated method in mortar specimens (UNE 146508: 1999 EX), adapted to the designed mortar. No reactivity is observed in the mortar.
    Ice cream test, taking the UNE 67028: 1997 EX standard as a reference, on prismatic specimens of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured: There is a slight loss of surface material in the mortar specimens without a decrease in mechanical strengths.
    Resistance to crystallization of salts (UNE-EN 12370: 1999) on prismatic specimens of 40 x 40 x 1600 mm of the mortar manufactured: Slight surface loss of material in the specimens not registering loss of mechanical resistance. fifteen
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]

    1. Procedure for obtaining dry mortar characterized in that it comprises sand from the waste of the slate extractive industry with sizes of 5 particles between 0 and 2 mm and a weight ratio sand: cement between 4: 1 and 6: one.
    [2]
    2. Method of obtaining dry mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that as binder type IV or Pozzolanic cements can be used. 10
    [3]
    3. Procedure for obtaining dry mortar, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises as lime binder between 0% and 15% by weight of cement.
    [4]
    4. Procedure for obtaining dry mortar, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lime used can be air or hydraulic lime.
    [5]
    5. Procedure for obtaining dry mortar, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that its flexural strength after 28 days is between 2 and 4 Mpa.
    [6]
    6. Procedure for obtaining dry mortar, according to any of the previous 20 claims, characterized in that its compressive strength at 28 days is between 7.6 and 11.5 Mpa.
    [7]
    7. Procedure for obtaining dry mortar, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coefficient of water absorption by capillarity of the mortars is between 0.9 and 0.14 Kg / m2 min1 / 2. 25
    [8]
    8. Method of obtaining dry mortar, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparent density in the fresh state is between 1,900 and 2,250 kg / m3.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2587443B2|2017-02-09|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB217388A|1923-05-02|1924-06-19|Cornelius Pickstone|Improvements in the manufacture of mortar, artificial stone, concrete and the like|
    GB279355A|1927-06-16|1927-10-27|Cornelius Pickstone|Improvements in and in the manufacture of cement mortar, artificial stone, concrete and the like|
    GB474085A|1936-05-01|1937-10-26|Richard Barker|Improvements in or relating to cement mortars and concretes|
    CH585680A5|1975-06-09|1977-03-15|Zimmermann Loretan Erika|Light concrete mortar prepn. - by adding expanded perlite or expanded clay or slate aggregates to cement binder|CN112064955A|2020-08-31|2020-12-11|中铁十二局集团建筑安装工程有限公司|Paving construction method applied to floor tiles|
    法律状态:
    2017-02-09| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2587443 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20170209 |
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201500280A|ES2587443B2|2015-04-22|2015-04-22|Procedure for obtaining dry cement and cement mortar and lime for construction, made with slate residues|ES201500280A| ES2587443B2|2015-04-22|2015-04-22|Procedure for obtaining dry cement and cement mortar and lime for construction, made with slate residues|
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